The Difference Between Patents and Trade Secrets


  • Patents are IP rights that are granted under federal law
    • grant exclusive rights to an inventor of an item for a certain period of time
    • patent owner has the right to keep others from making or using the patented invention
    • has the power to stop others from selling their invention
  • Trade secrets protect the formulas, processes, methods, and information that give a business a competitive edge
    • must have value to a person or business
    • Otherwise, there is no reason to protect it
    • is a common law concept that has been codified under federal law and by many states
    • To establish a trade secret, the information that is to be protected must:
      • Have value
        • The information must have economic value
        • means that it is valuable to the business that protects i
        • means that it would be valuable to competitors of the busines
        • considers the money, time, and resources that the business put into developing the information
        • The more valuable the information, the more likely that it is a trade secret
      • Be unknown
        • The information must not be known outside of the business
        • If other companies or people know about the information, then it is not a secret
        • public awareness of the information can end its protected status
      • Be unascertainable
        • The information must not be easy to duplicate or even reverse engineer
        • If little effort is needed to ascertain the information
          • then it is unlikely to be considered a trade secret
      • Be protected
        • information must be protected
        • means that the business must take steps to make sure that it does not become accessible or known to the public
        • To protect the information:
          • use confidentiality and nondisclosure contracts when they share the information with other
        • The more a business protects the information, the more likely it is a trade secret
    • trade secrets are not registered
      • don’t have to meet any registration or procedural formalities to protect his or her trade secret
    • Because they are kept secret
      • trade secrets can be protected for an unlimited time
    • To enforce their trade secrets:
      • a person or business must take actions that protect them and keep them secret
    • If a trade secret is stolen,
      • a person can pursue remedies allowed under the law against the thief
    • A person who violates a trade secret can be held responsible under:
      • civil law
      • criminal law